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colorado springs

colorado springs(科罗拉多州的行政区划)

admin admin 发表于2023-02-02 20:13:13 浏览91 评论0

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科罗拉多州的行政区划


County  FIPS code  County seat  Established  Formed from  Etymolgy  Population  Area  Map    Adams County001Brighton1902-11-15Split fromArapahoe County.Named in honor ofAlva Adams, the 5th, 10th, and 14thGovernorof the State of Colorado.441,6031,182.29sqmi  (3,062km)    Alamosa County003Alamosa1913-03-08Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties.Named for thecottonwood treeswhich grow along theRio Grandeand its tributaries.Alamosais a Spanish word for acottonwood grove.15,445723.21sqmi  (1,873km)    Arapahoe County005Littleton1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. Renamed South Arapahoe County for the five months from November 15, 1902 to April 11, 1903.Named for predecessorArapahoe County, Kansas Territory, which in turn was named for theArapaho NationofNative Americans.572,003804.41sqmi  (2,083km)    Archuleta County007Pagosa Springs1885-04-14Split fromConejos County.Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorAntonio D. Archuleta.12,0841,354.53sqmi  (3,508km)    Baca County009Springfield1889-04-16Split fromLas Animas County.Named in honor of pioneer andColorado territorial legislatorFelipe Baca.3,7882,558.48sqmi  (6,626km)    Bent County011Las Animas1870-02-11Split fromHuerfano Countyand former Cheyenne and Arapaho tribal land.Named in honor of frontier traderWilliam Bent.6,4991,541.07sqmi  (3,991km)    Boulder County013Boulder1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named for the abundance ofgranitebouldersalongBoulder Creek.294,567740.48sqmi  (1,918km)    City and County of Broomfield014Broomfield2001-11-15Split fromBoulder,Adams,Jefferson, andWeldcounties and reorganized as aconsolidated city and county.Named for thebroom cornthat was formerly grown in the area.55,88933.57sqmi  (87km)    Chaffee County015Salida1879-02-10Split fromCarbonate County.Named in honor ofJerome Bunty Chaffee, one ofColorado’s first twoU.S. Senatorsfrom 1876 to 1879.17,8091,014.12sqmi  (2,627km)    Cheyenne County017Cheyenne Wells1889-03-25Split fromElbertandBentcounties.Named for theCheyenne NationofNative Americans.1,8361,781.90sqmi  (4,615km)    Clear Creek County019Georgetown1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named forClear Creekwhich originates in the county.9,088396.53sqmi  (1,027km)    Conejos County021Conejos1861-11-01Guadalupe County, one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado, was renamedConejos Countyafter six days on November 7, 1861.Named for thecottontail rabbitsin the area.Conejosis a Spanish word forrabbits.8,2561,290.22sqmi  (3,342km)    Costilla County023San Luis1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named for the Costilla River.Costillais a Spanish word meaning eitherlittle riborfurring timber.3,5241,229.38sqmi  (3,184km)    Crowley County025Ordway1911-05-29Split fromOtero County.Named in honor ofColorado State SenatorJohn H. Crowley.5,823800.27sqmi  (2,073km)    Custer County027Westcliffe1877-03-09Split fromFremont County.Named in memory ofGeorge Armstrong Custer, (1839 - 1876), the U.S. Armycoloneldefeated and killed at theBattle of the Little Bighorn.4,255739.24sqmi  (1,915km)    Delta County029Delta1883-02-11Split fromGunnison County.Named for the town ofDeltalocated at thedeltaof theUncompahgre River.30,9521,149.44sqmi  (2,977km)    City and County of Denver031Denver1902-11-15The originalArapahoeCounty Seatwas split fromArapahoe Countyand reorganized as aconsolidated city and county.Named to curry favor withJames W. Denver,Governorof theTerritory of Kansasfrom 1857 to 1859.600,158155.66sqmi  (403km)    Dolores County033Dove Creek1881-03-04Split fromOuray County.Named for theDolores River, which was originally namedel Rio de Nuestra Senora de los Dolores, which is Spanish forthe River of our Lady of Sorrows.2,0641,076.93sqmi  (2,789km)    Douglas County035Castle Rock1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named in honor ofStephen Arnold Douglas, (1813 - 1861),U.S. SenatorfromIllinoisfrom 1847 to 1861.285,465842.30sqmi  (2,182km)    Eagle County037Eagle1883-02-11Split fromSummit County.Named for theEagle Riverwhich originates in the county.52,1971,700.76sqmi  (4,405km)    El Paso County041Colorado Springs1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named forUte Passin the county.El pasois a Spanish expression forthe pass.622,2632,128.60sqmi  (5,513km)    Elbert County039Kiowa1874-02-02Split fromDouglas County.Named in honor ofSamuel Hitt Elbert, the sixthGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado.23,0861,849.08sqmi  (4,789km)    Fremont County043Cañon City1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named in honor ofJohn Charles Frémont(1813 - 1890), the explorer, U.S. Army general, andU.S. SenatorfromCalifornia.46,8241,533.09sqmi  (3,971km)    Garfield County045Glenwood Springs1883-02-10Split fromSummit County.Named in honor ofJames Abram Garfield(1831 - 1881), the twentiethPresident of the United States.56,3892,958.23sqmi  (7,662km)    Gilpin County047Central City1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named in honor ofWilliam Gilpin, the firstGovernorof theTerritory of Colorado.5,441150.15sqmi  (389km)    Grand County049Hot Sulphur Springs1874-02-02Split fromSummit County.Named for theGrand Riverwhich originates in the county. The Grand River was renamed theColorado Riverin 1921, but the county retains the original name.14,8431,868.53sqmi  (4,839km)    Gunnison County051Gunnison1877-03-09Split fromLake County.Named in honor ofJohn Williams Gunnison, the U.S. Army captain who explored the region.15,3243,259.22sqmi  (8,441km)    Hinsdale County053Lake City1874-02-10Split fromLake,Conejos, andCostillacounties.Named in honor of George Aaron Hinsdale, a Lieutenant Governor of theTerritory of Colorado.8431,123.35sqmi  (2,909km)    Huerfano County055Walsenburg1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named forHuerfano Butte, a solitary volcanic plug.Huerfanois a Spanish word meaningorphan.6,7111,592.37sqmi  (4,124km)    Jackson County057Walden1909-05-05Split fromLarimer County.Named in honor ofAndrew Jackson(1767 - 1845), the seventhPresident of the United States.1,3941,619.75sqmi  (4,195km)    Jefferson County059Golden1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named for its extralegal predecessor county,Jefferson County, Jefferson Territory, which in turn was named in honor ofThomas Jefferson(1743 - 1826), the author of theDeclaration of Independenceand the thirdPresident of the United States.534,543772.85sqmi  (2,002km)    Kiowa County061Eads1889-04-11Split fromBent County.Named for theKiowa NationofNative Americans.1,3981,785.90sqmi  (4,625km)    Kit Carson County063Burlington1889-04-11Split fromElbert County.Named in honor ofChristopher Houston Kit Carson, the famous frontier scout and soldier.8,2702,162.43sqmi  (5,601km)    La Plata County067Durango1874-02-10Split fromLakeandConejoscounties.Named for the manysilverdeposits in the area.La platais a Spanish expression forthe silver.51,3341,700.44sqmi  (4,404km)    Lake County065Leadville1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado. RenamedCarbonate Countyfor the two days from February 8–10, 1879.Named for theTwin Lakesin the county.7,310383.55sqmi  (993km)    Larimer County069Fort Collins1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named in honor ofWilliam Larimer, a pioneer entrepreneur.299,6302,631.75sqmi  (6,816km)    Las Animas County071Trinidad1866-02-09Split fromHuerfano County.Named for theAnimas River, which was originally namedel Rio de las Animas Perdidas, which is Spanish forthe River of the Souls in Purgatory.15,5074,773.27sqmi  (12,363km)    Lincoln County073Hugo1889-04-11Split fromElbertandBentcounties.Named in honor ofAbraham Lincoln(1809 - 1865), the sixteenthPresident of the United States.5,4672,585.21sqmi  (6,696km)    Logan County075Sterling1887-02-25Split fromWeld County.Named in honor ofJohn Alexander Logan(1826 - 1886), a U.S. Army general andU.S. SenatorfromIllinois.22,7091,845.31sqmi  (4,779km)    Mesa County077Grand Junction1883-02-14Split fromGunnison County.Named for themesaformations which are widespread through the area.146,7233,345.69sqmi  (8,665km)    Mineral County079Creede1893-03-27Split fromHinsdale,Rio Grande, andSaguachecounties.Named from the plentifulmineraldeposits found in the area.712878.16sqmi  (2,274km)    Moffat County081Craig1911-02-27Split fromRoutt County.Named in honor of railroad pioneerDavid H. Moffat.13,7954,755.86sqmi  (12,318km)    Montezuma County083Cortez1889-04-16Split fromLa Plata County.Named in honor ofAztecleaderMoctezuma II. Ruins in the area were once thought to be Aztec.25,5352,035.80sqmi  (5,273km)    Montrose County085Montrose1883-02-11Split fromGunnison County.Named for the town ofMontrose, which in turn was probably named from the novelA Legend of Montrose, published in 1819 byWalter Scott.41,2762,246.43sqmi  (5,818km)    Morgan County087Fort Morgan1889-02-19Split fromWeld County.Named for oldFort Morgan, which in turn was named in honor of U.S. Army ColonelChristopher A. Morgan.28,1591,293.83sqmi  (3,351km)    Otero County089La Junta1889-03-25Split fromBent County.Named in honor ofMiguel A. Oteroof the prominent Otero family of theSouthwest.18,8311,267.66sqmi  (3,283km)    Ouray County091Ouray1877-01-18Split fromHinsdaleandLakecounties. RenamedUncompaghre Countyfor four days from 1883-02-27, to 1883-03-02.Named in honor ofOuray, aUteNative Americanleader.4,436542.30sqmi  (1,405km)    Park County093Fairplay1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named forSouth Parkwhich occupies most of the county.16,2062,209.36sqmi  (5,722km)    Phillips County095Holyoke1889-03-27Split fromLogan County.Named in honor of R.O. Phillips, secretary of the Lincoln Land Company, which sold farmsteads in the area.4,442688.30sqmi  (1,783km)    Pitkin County097Aspen1881-02-23Split fromGunnison County.Named in honor ofFrederick Walker Pitkin, the secondGovernorof the State of Colorado.17,148970.37sqmi  (2,513km)    Prowers County099Lamar1889-04-11Split fromBent County.Named in honor of John W. Prowers, a pioneer of theArkansas Rivervalley.12,5511,645.37sqmi  (4,261km)    Pueblo County101Pueblo1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named for historic town ofPueblo.Pueblois a Spanish word meaningvillageorpeople.159,0632,396.77sqmi  (6,208km)    Rio Blanco County103Meeker1889-03-25Split fromGarfield County.Named for theWhite River, which was originally namedRio Blancoin Spanish.6,6663,226.24sqmi  (8,356km)    Rio Grande County105Del Norte1874-02-10Split fromCostilla CountyandConejos Countycounties.Named for theRio Grande, which flows through the area.11,982913.10sqmi  (2,365km)    Routt County107Steamboat Springs1877-01-29Split fromGrand County.Named in honor ofJohn Long Routt, the firstGovernorof the State of Colorado.23,5092,362.11sqmi  (6,118km)    Saguache County109Saguache1866-12-29Split fromLakeandCostillacounties.Name comes from aUte languagenoun meaning sand dunes.6,1083,168.32sqmi  (8,206km)    San Juan County111Silverton1876-01-31Split fromLake County.Named for theSan Juan RiverandSan Juan Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint John the Evangelist.699388.99sqmi  (1,007km)    San Miguel County113Telluride1883-03-02Split fromSan Juan County.Named for theSan Miguel RiverandSan Miguel Mountains, which in turn were named forSaint Michael the Archangel.7,3591,290.76sqmi  (3,343km)    Sedgwick County115Julesburg1889-04-09Split fromLogan County.Named for Fort Sedgwick, which, in turn, was named for U.S. Army GeneralJohn Sedgwick(1813 - 1864).2,379548.83sqmi  (1,421km)    Summit County117Breckenridge1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named for the many highmountain summitsin the area.27,994618.92sqmi  (1,603km)    Teller County119Cripple Creek1899-03-23Split fromEl PasoandFremontcounties.Named in honor ofHenry Moore Teller, aU.S. SenatorfromColoradoandUnited States Secretary of the Interior.23,350558.58sqmi  (1,447km)    Washington County121Akron1887-02-09Split fromWeld County.Named in honor ofGeorge Washington(1732 - 1799), the firstPresident of the United States.4,8142,522.90sqmi  (6,534km)    Weld County123Greeley1861-11-01Created as one of the 17 original counties of theTerritory of Colorado.Named in honor of Lewis Ledyard Weld, the first Secretary of theTerritory of Colorado.252,8254,013.84sqmi  (10,396km)    Yuma County125Wray1889-03-15Split fromWashington County.Named for theQuechan (Yuma) NationofNative Americans.10,0432,369.61sqmi  (6,137km)


有没有去过美国colorado洲的人呢具体说一下那里怎么样


科罗拉多州府丹佛是美国最高的州府,海拔一英里。
一般来说天很干,很晒,但不算太热,夏天到了晚上有时候还有些凉,一下雨就是暴雨,去年在那儿碰上大暴雨,发洪水。
丹佛市附近就是落基山,有几个很有名的旅游景点,尤其是Mt Evans。那儿也是滑雪胜地。另外,那儿的自行车运动确实很普及,有很多骑行道,包括公路自行车道和山地道,对我来说简直是天堂。
至于Colarado Springs,只知道在丹佛南边不远,好像是美国空军学院所在地,从丹佛去新墨西哥的路上经过。

帮忙翻译下这4位游戏人物的介绍,谢谢哈!


第一个:29岁。意大利人。意大利西西里岛某个地方出身。
国际特殊谍报机关VSSE的代理人。
原为意大利警察治安作战中央部队(NOCS)所属。
意大利黑手党的老成员Family Bruno家的人、他10岁的时候、由于内部斗争家族的人被杀、只有他一个人生还。那以后、被警察家庭收养、他也走上了当警察这条路。
轮廓分明的容貌和敏锐的目光、笑起来既大胆又狂野、举止动作和说话都流露出“大男人”的魅力。这是从他出生到现在、所经历的残酷人生的具体表现吧。在他心底深处,狂热的东西的秘密地活动。与开朗而又骄傲自大的搭档Evan形成鲜明的对比,奇妙的义气相投。
离开VSSE后,成为Milano的某餐厅厨师长,招牌菜为Lazania。
第二个:25岁。法国人。Rouen港口出身。
国际特殊谍报机关VSSE的代理人。
家里代代为打鱼人开朗且骄傲自大的新手。
在当海滩救助队员的时候、在大规模海难事故中因为成功救人立功,被给与了很高评价、被VSSE选中。
是那种先行动后思考的人,所以和先思考后行动的大人物Bruno形成鲜明对比。
和Bruno搭档有一年左右 (正确地说是被 Bruno压迫)、最近终于开始有点心领神会了,但还是个不安全的搭档。
虽然觉得Bruno是个大叔、实际上是和依赖他的。现在表面工作是“高层建筑作业者”,说白了就是泥瓦工的。现在主要在巴黎近郊每天悬着命爬钢筋架。
第三个:33岁。所属美军统合监察部特殊实行部。金发高个的爱尔兰白人。
Texas州Dallas出身。美国西点军校毕业。
虽然是军阀出身(已死的父亲曾是陆军中将)、但并未因此满足、是参与实战锻炼的特种部队中的一名猛将。
从三角洲转战到TF-11(第11任务部队)。
大约2年前、被提拔到统合监察部特殊实行部。
不仅解决国内的事情、也经常在国外东奔西走。
爱国爱部队的忠心比任何人都强烈。在这件事之前,参与调查南美贩毒组织和海军部队内部相勾结的事情。
是一点也不通融的人、不善于在他人面前表达自己的感情。
第四个:25岁。美军统合作战本部:U.S.J SOC.情报局所属特务中尉。Minnesota州Minneapolis出身。
在美国空军士官学校(Colorado Springs)学习时发表的提倡个人的战略战术理论被认可、是个毕业后立刻进入统合作战本部的优秀人才。
今回的任务中,作为操作人员搭乘强行投入使用的新锐空中管制机、从空中给与Rush、Giorgio、Evan支持。

美国电话国际区号


美国电话的国际区号是001。001是美国和加拿大的国际电话区号,由国际电信联盟创立,这个前缀叫国际冠码。

扩展资料

国际电话区号,即国际电信联盟根据E.164标准分配给各国或特殊行政区的代码。所有的号码都是前缀号,也就是说这些号码是用来“拨到”目的国家或特殊行政区。每一个国家还有一个前缀来“拨出”所在国家,这个前缀叫国际冠码。

简言之,拨打国际电话的一般顺序是:国际冠码-国际电话区号-国内电话区号-开放电话号码;国际冠码-国际电话区号-封闭电话号码。

百度百科-001


“雪梨”的英文翻译是什么


“雪梨”的英文翻译是:snow pear

  1. 相关短语:

    雪梨港湾大桥 Sydney Harbour Bridge

    雪梨博物馆 Museum of Sydney

    雪梨国际赛 Sydney International

    雪梨足球场 Sydney Football Stadium

    雪梨唐人街 Chinatown

    西雪梨大学 University of Western Sydney ; UWS ; University of Western Sydney Nepean

  2. 例句:

    最后,压轴菜终于来了,又脆又嫩的中国雪梨炸过之后填到酥皮里面,真是神奇。

    Finally, the actual meal-ender: a tender, subtle Chinese snow pear deep-fried in a beignet-like crust. Magic. 

    1977年,这对熊姐妹出生在美国科罗拉多斯普林斯,在它们还是幼崽时被送到澳大利亚,并于1985年来到雪梨定居。

    The sisters, born in Colorado Springs in the United States in 1977, were tiny cubs when theymoved to Australia. They have been in Sydney since 1985. 

    梨子已经熟透,纷纷掉来做成了普洛赛克鸡尾酒和雪梨翻转塔,而李子和青梅更是大大满足了我们的挑剔胃口。

    Pears have been tumbling to the ground in ripeness and been converted into Proseccococktails and pear tatins, while the plums and greengages are outdoing even our appetites.


美国的科罗拉多洲分别有哪些城市


美国的科罗拉多州包含11个城市,具体如下:
丹佛 Denver
奥罗拉 Aurora
布頼顿 Brighton
恩格尔伍德 Englewood
莱克伍德 Lakewood
阿斯彭 Aspen
博尔德 Boulder
科罗拉多斯普林斯 Colorado Springs
柯林斯堡 Fort Collins
大章克申 Grand Zunccion
韦尔 Vail
科罗拉多州(英语:Colorado)是美国西部的一州,东接堪萨斯州,南界俄克拉荷马州和新墨西哥州,西邻犹他州,北与怀俄明州和内布拉斯加州接壤。该州首府兼最大城为丹佛。
科罗拉多州是以西班牙语“Colorado”命名的,意为“带点红色的”,估计这可能指的是该地区红色的砂岩地层或是科罗拉多河两岸的赭红色景观。科罗拉多州州树为云杉,州花为薰衣草,州鸟为云雀。

全球定位系统简介


全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,简称GPS),是利用卫星发射的无线电信号进行导航定位。该系统具有全球性、全天候、高精度、快速实时三维导航、定位、测速和授时功能,以及良好的保密性和抗干扰性。由于该系统不受气象条件的限制,自动化程度较高,因而迅速被世界各国所采用。

(一)GPS全球定位系统的组成

GPS全球定位系统主要由三大部分组成,即空间星座部分(GPS 卫星星座)、地面监控部分和用户设备部分。

1.空间星座部分

全球定位系统的空间星座部分,由24颗卫星组成,其中包括3颗可随时启用的备用卫星。工作卫星分布在6个近圆形轨道面内,每个轨道面上有4颗卫星。卫星轨道面相对地球赤道面的倾角为55°,各轨道平面升交点的赤经相差60°,同一轨道上两卫星之间的升交角距相差90°。轨道平均高度为20 200km,卫星运行周期为11小时58分。同时在地平线以上的卫星数目随时间和地点而异,最少为4颗,最多时达11颗。

在全球定位系统中,GPS卫星的主要功能是:接收、储存和处理地面监控系统发射来的导航电文及其他有关信息;向用户连续不断地发送导航与定位信息,并提供时间标准、卫星本身的空间实时位置及其他在轨卫星的概略位置;接收并执行地面监控系统发送的控制指令,如调整卫星姿态和启用备用时钟、备用卫星等。

2.地面监控部分

GPS的地面监控系统主要由分布在全球的5个地面站组成,按其功能分为主控站(MCS)、注入站(GA)和监测站(MS)3种。

主控站有1个,设在美国科罗拉多的斯普林斯(Colorado Springs)。主控站负责协调和管理所有地面监控系统的工作,其具体任务有:根据所有地面监测站的观测资料推算编制各卫星的星历、卫星钟差和大气层修正参数等,并把这些数据及导航电文传送到注入站;提供全球定位系统的时间基准;调整卫星状态和启用备用卫星等。

注入站又称地面天线站,其主要任务是通过一台直径为3.6m的天线,将来自主控站的卫星星历、钟差、导航电文和其他控制指令注入相应卫星的存储系统,并监测注入信息的正确性。注入站现有3个,分别设在印度洋迪戈加西亚(Diégo Garcia)、南太平洋卡瓦加兰(Kwajalein)和南大西洋阿松森群岛(Ascencion)。

监测站共有5个,除上述4个地面站具有监测站功能外,还在夏威夷(Hawaii)设有1个监测站。监测站的主要任务是连续观测和接收所有GPS卫星发出的信号并监测卫星的工作状况,将采集到的数据连同当地气象观测资料和时间信息经初步处理后传送到主控站。

3.用户设备部分

全球定位系统的用户设备部分,包括GPS接收机硬件、数据处理软件和微处理机及其终端设备等。

GPS信息接收机是用户设备部分的核心,一般由主机、天线和电源3部分组成。其主要功能是跟踪接收GPS卫星发射的信号并进行变换、放大、处理,以便测量出GPS信号从卫星到接收机天线的传播时间;解译导航电文,实时地计算出测站的三维位置,甚至三维速度和时间。根据接收的卫星信号频率,又可分为单频(L1)和双频(L1,L2)接收机等。

(二)GPS定位的基本原理

利用GPS进行定位的基本原理,是以GPS卫星和用户接收机天线之间距离(或距离差)的观测量为基础,并根据已知的卫星瞬时坐标来确定用户接收机所对应的点位,即待定点的三维坐标(x,y,z)卫星之间的距离。由此可见,GPS定位的关键是测定用户接收机天线至GPS卫星之间的距离。

GPS进行定位的方法,根据用户接收机天线在测量中所处的状态来分,可分为静态定位和动态定位;若按定位的结果进行分类,则可分为绝对定位和相对定位。

所谓绝对定位,是在WGS84坐标系中,独立确定观测站相对地球质心绝对位置的方法。相对定位同样在WGS84坐标系中,确定的则是观测站与某一地面参考点之间的相对位置,或两观测站之间相对位置的方法。

所谓静态定位,即在定位过程中,接收机天线(待定点)的位置相对于周围地面点而言,处于静止状态。而动态定位正好与之相反,即在定位过程中,接收机天线处于运动状态,也就是说定位结果是连续变化的,如用于飞机、轮船导航定位的方法就属于动态定位。

各种定位方法还可有不同的组合,如静态绝对定位、静态相对定位、动态绝对定位和动态相对定位等。

(三)GPS实时差分定位

利用GPS对运动物体进行实时定位,可采用GPS接收机单点定位,由于其定位精度受钟差、大气折射率等误差影响,利用C/A码伪距单点定位精度很低。为提高实时定位精度,常采用GPS差分定位技术。

GPS动态差分的方法通常有3种。

1)位置差分。将基准站GPS接收机伪距单点定位得到的坐标值与已知坐标作差分,并将坐标修正值无线电传送至流动站,对流动站测得坐标进行修正。

2)伪距差分。利用基准站已知坐标和卫星星历,求卫星到基准站的几何距离,作为距离精确值,将此值与基准站所测的伪距值求差,作为差分修正值,通过数据链传给流动站,流动站接收差分信号后,对所接收的每颗卫星的伪距观测值进行修正,然后再进行单点定位。

3)载波相位动态实时差分(RTK)。GPS实时动态RTK测量技术,是以载波相位观测量为基础的实时差分GPS测量技术,是当代GPS测量技术发展中的一个新突破。动态实时差分技术的精度取决于高频数据传输设备的可靠性与抗干扰性;软件解算系统对保障成果可靠与精确具有决定性作用。

在常规RTK和差分GPS的基础上又建立起一种网络RTK定位技术,又叫基准站RTK。它是在一定区域内建立多个坐标为已知的GPS 基准站,对该地区进行网状覆盖,并以这些基准站为基准,计算和发播相位观测值误差改正信息。对该地区内的卫星定位用户进行实时改正的定位方式,又称多基准RTK。该方法的主要优点为覆盖面广,定位精度高,可实时提供厘米级定位。

(四)我国北斗卫星导航系统

北斗卫星导航系统〔BeiDou(COMPASS)Navigation Satellite System〕是中国正在实施的自主研发、独立运行的全球卫星导航系统,与美国的GPS、俄罗斯的格洛纳斯、欧盟的伽利略系统并称全球四大卫星导航系统。北斗卫星导航系统由空间端、地面端和用户端3部分组成。空间端包括5颗静止轨道卫星和30颗非静止轨道卫星。地面端包括主控站、注入站和监测站等若干个地面站。用户端由北斗用户终端以及与美国GPS、俄罗斯格洛纳斯(GLONASS)、欧洲伽利略(GALILEO)等其他卫星导航系统兼容的终端组成。

该系统可在全球范围内全天候、全天时为各类用户提供高精度、高可靠的定位、导航、授时服务并兼具短报文通信能力。已经具备区域导航、定位和授时能力,定位精度优于20m,授时精度优于100ns。


colorado spring 是哪个城市


科罗拉多泉(Colorado Springs)
美国科罗拉多州的第二大、美国第49大城市,也是艾尔帕索县的首府。根据美国人口普查局2005年的估计,科罗拉多泉市约有人口36万9815人。它位於科罗拉多州最大城市丹佛约100公里的南方,距离科罗拉多州地理中心东方约101公里(63英里)。城市平均海拔超过1英哩许多,为1839公尺(6035英呎),也是一个「哩高城」。整个城市位於著名的派克斯峰(Pikes Peak)山脚,洛矶山脉的东部边缘。