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private individuals

private individuals(请帮我翻译一下这几段英语,谢谢!翻译得好的还有重分酬谢!)

admin admin 发表于2023-03-09 14:36:49 浏览49 评论0

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请帮我翻译一下这几段英语,谢谢!翻译得好的还有重分酬谢!

量大,难度高,答复者聊聊就是明证,呵呵。楼主的承诺能兑现吧?
2.3. Certificate verification
证书验证
An internet entity needing to verify the validity of an employee’s certificate asks its local SCVP server. The verification processing is decomposed into three steps, the first one to download the certificates belonging to the chain of trust, the second one to trust the root CA certificate (of Company1), and the third one to check the validity of each certificate of the chain, as follows:
一个需要验证某一雇员证书有效性的互联网实体要请求自己本地的SCVP服务器。该验证的过程被分解成三步,第一步是下载属于该信任链的证书;第二步是委托(公司1)的根CA证书,第三步是检查该信任链每份证书的有效性,具体如下:
All the certificates belonging to the certificate chain are downloaded from the bottom-level certificate (issuer) up to the high-level certificate based on the issuerAltName information within the certificates. For Bob’s certificate, the LDAP server will be solicited only once to get the root CA’s certificate, because the LDAP PKI is a one-level CA hierarchy.
属于该证书链的所有证书根据证书内的issuerAltName信息从底层证书(颁发者)到高层证书下载,对于
Bob’s证书来说,LDAP服务器只有在一旦得到根CA证书时被请求,因为LDAP PKI是一种一层的CA层次结构。
As soon as the root certificate is found in the chain, the DNS hierarchy is solicited to provide the CERT RR containing the root CA’s certificates. This CERT RR is get from the DNS reference given either in the issuerAltName or subjectAltName field of the root CA’s certificate. The validity of the returned CERT RR is ensured by the DNSSEC PKI, but it will be definitely considered as valid if the root certificates registered in DNSSEC and LDAP PKIs are exactly the same.
一旦根证书在链中被找到,DNS层次结构就被请求而提供包含根CA证书的CERT RR。此CERT RR得自于根CA证书issuerAltName域或subjectAltName域中提供的DNS基准。返回的CERT RR的有效性由DNSSEC PKI确保,但是,如果在DNSSEC 和 LDAP PKIs中登记的根证书准确相同,它将肯定被看作是有效的
All the downloaded certificates are then verified checking their validity period (validity), the signature (signatureValue) and, if possible, the CRL . The verification is done from the high-level certificate down to the bottom-level certificate. For revocation verification, it is required to download the CRL corresponding to the CrlDistributionPoints URI of the certificate under test, and to check its own validity period, and signature.
然后,所有下载的证书加以验证,以检查它们的有效期(有效性)、签名(signatureValue)、以及如果可能的话还有CRL【1】。验证从高层次证书进行到底层证书。对于废止验证来说,要求下载与被验证证书的CrlDistributionPoints URI相应的CRL,并检查其自己的有效期和签名。
2.4. Defining a minimum security level within Internet
2.4 规定互联网内的最低安全水平
With the designed PKI, any internet entities are provided with mechanisms to get certificates and to verify their authenticity and validity. This helps introducing a homogeneous security level within Internet and lets private individuals benefiting from that more secure Internet.
借助于所设计的PKI,任何互联网实体都得到了一些机制,用于获得证书和验证它们的真实性和有效性。这有助于在互联网内引入同一的安全水平,并让私人个体从更安全的互联网中得到好处。
The overall security level depends on how LDAP and DNSSEC PKI are managed. If strict procedures for managing public and private keys are imposed by regulating or standardized bodies, the resulted security level will be significant. Otherwise, it will serve as a basic security level. Anyway, the security level get from that solution will never be as high as with CSP (Certificate Service Provider), and so its application will concern scenarios which are not too much security demanding.
整个的安全水平取决于LDAP 和 DNSSEC PKI如何加以管理。如果管理或标准化机构对公共和私人密钥的管理施加严格的程序,最终的安全水平将相当高。或者,它就只能起到基本的安全水平的作用。不管怎样,由该解决方案得到的的安全水平始终不会达到CSP(证书服务提供者)那么高,因此它的应用将涉及那些不要求太高安全性的情况。

in private

自己看字典嘛。
private
adj.
私人的, 私有的, 私营的, 秘密的
n.
士兵
private
adj.Abbr. priv., pvt.(形容词)缩写 priv., pvt.
Secluded from the sight, presence, or intrusion of others:
隐蔽的:隔离了其他人的眼光、出现或侵扰的:
a private hideaway.
幽僻的隐蔽所
Designed or intended for one’s exclusive use:
私人的,专用的:专为某人单独使用设计的:
a private room.
私人房间
Of or confined to the individual; personal:
个人的,私人的:局限于个人的;个人的:
a private joke; private opinions.
个人的笑话;个人观点
Undertaken on an individual basis:
个人从事的:以个人为基础进行的:
private studies; private research.
私人研究;私人调查研究
Of, relating to, or receiving special hospital services and privileges:
私人医护的:属于、关于或接受医院特别服务和特权的:
a private patient.
特别病人
Not available for public use, control, or participation:
私人的,私有的:公众不能随意使用、控制或参加的:
a private club; a private party.
私人俱乐部,私人聚会
Belonging to a particular person or persons, as opposed to the public or the government:
私有的:属于特定的某人或一些人的,如相对于公众或政府:
private property.
私有财产
Conducted and supported primarily by private individuals or by a nongovernmental agency or corporation:
私立的:主要由一些个人或非政府的机构、公司领导或支持的:
a private college; a private sanatorium.
私立学院;私营疗养院
Of, relating to, or derived from nongovernment sources:
民间的:属于、关于或来源于非政府机关的:
private funding.
民间筹款
Not holding an official or public position:
无公职的:没有官方职位或公开职位的:
a former President who is now a private citizen.
前任总统现在是一介平民
Not for public knowledge or disclosure; secret:
秘密的:不为公众所知的,不公开的;秘密的:
private papers; a private communication.
秘密文件;秘密联系
Not appropriate for use or display in public; intimate:
不宜公开的:不宜在公众前使用或显示的;个人的:
private behavior; a private tragedy.
亲密的举动;不宜公开的悲剧
Placing a high value on personal privacy:
重隐私的:重视个人隐私的:
a retiring, private individual.
孤独缄默的人
n.(名词)
Abbr. PVT, Pvt
缩写 PVT, Pvt
A noncommissioned rank in the U.S. Army or Marine Corps that is below private first class.
二等兵:美国陆军或海军陆战队的非士官军衔,低于一等兵
One who holds this rank or a similar rank in a military or paramilitary organization.
属二等兵阶级的士兵:军事或半军事性组织团体中持有这一军衔或类似军衔的人
privates Private parts. Often used with the.
privates 阴部,生殖器。经常与the 连用
go private
To take a publicly owned company into private ownership, as by a leveraged buyout.
占为私有:将公有的公司收为私有,如通过杠杆作用收购全部控股权
in private
Not in public; secretly or confidentially.
秘密地:非公开地;秘密地或在私下地
Middle English privat
中古英语 privat
from Latin prº³tus} [not in public life] [past participle of] prºv³re [to release, deprive]
源自 拉丁语 prº³tus} [非公众生活的] prºv³re的过去分词 [解除,剥夺]
from prºs [single, alone] * see per 1
源自 prºs [单一的,孤独的] *参见 per 1
pri“vately
adv.(副词)
pri“vateness
n.(名词)
private
adj.
私人的;属于个人的
private property
私人财产
private school
私立学校
A private car gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility.
私人小汽车能给人很大的舒服和机动性。
This is private land, you can’t walk across it.
这是私人土地,你不能通过。
不公开的
a private door
便门
Don’t say anything about what we’re discussing to anyone; it’s private.
“不要把我们正在讨论的事情告诉任何人,这是保密的。“
独立的;与政府无关的
非官式的;不带官方性质的
无官职的
a private citizen
平民
安静的;不惹人注意的
a private corner
安静的角落
Is there a private corner where we can sit and talk by ourselves?
“这里有什么僻静的角落,可以让我们单独坐下来谈谈吗?“
in private
私下里
Can I speak to you in private?
我可以私下同你谈谈吗?
private
n.
士兵;二等兵 (= private soldier)
(pl) 外阴
private
来自拉丁语privatus属于自己的
related words:
private
official public

怎么翻译!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  生活中确实充满了问题,在这些问题中我们不得不,或者应该尝试着去做一些决定。作为一个公民,或者作为私人个体。
  最后一个词组是as private individuals。

美国的国内生产总值是多少

14.5万亿美元,GDP,国民生产总值.
回答者:orgsky - 举人 四级 4-24 14:36
你不懂就不要乱讲
目前美国的国内生产总值为9万亿美元
回答者:来如风雨 - 举人 四级 4-24 14:52
你妈妈的就你知道?到底谁在乱讲?充什么大尾巴猪?
美国去年的数据有两个,12万亿和14万亿,无论如何,你的九万亿都是N年前数据了.有兴趣的话自己google一下就可以找到.

private 和 individual的区别

这一组词都可译作“个人的”
private 意为“个人的,私有的”,表示与公共的或公有的相反,也含有不愿或不应公之于众的意思。例如:
He has asked the secretary of the state to apply to the president for a private interview.他已要国务卿向总统提出申请,要求秘密会见。
In the United States, the rich tend to send their children to private schools regardless of their expensive tuition.
在美国富人们愿意让孩子上私立学校,不论其费用有多昂贵。

individual 意为“个体的,个人的”,区别于集体,整体或普通,明确指某类单一的,个别的人物,常用作定语。例如:
She was determined to do good, not to any individual person but to a country.他决心为国家而不是为任何个人做好事。
Some people claim that the individual rights are more important than the public interests as a whole.有些人声称个人利益比公众利益更重要。

翻译Speech by British Prime Minister Mrs. Margaret Thatcher(September 22, 1982)

我们知道,为国内和国际问题,没有神奇的解决办法,没有柔和的选择。和平与自由是我们的首要原则。我们知道,维护和平,我们必须强大。有一个有效的替代办法这是一种错觉认为,吸引侵略者,而不是实力,这是弱点。侵略必须不得支付。我相信你说的表达同样的事情在一个生动的方式: “我们决不能放弃的翅膀,以老虎。 ”
其中中国总理先生谈到,反对霸权主义是基本原则, 这是一个概念.我们在西欧的理解。正是由于我们反对霸权主义,我们在欧洲有决心抵抗的军事和政治压力,这将削弱我们的独立和破坏我们的政府形式和生活方式。这就是为什么我们已经联手在北约在一个自由国家的联合国协会的不仅是共同的政治理念,而是将抵制。
退出不愉快的现实的安慰幻想很少解决任何问题。但也有一些安慰的现实,在国际事务中,如不断增长的统一的目的欧洲共同体的基本实力,北大西洋联盟对西方的安全和繁荣的基础。
由于我们的历史经验和我们的积极参与联邦,英国是响应的关注,尤其是经济问题,发展中国家。我们是发展中国家。我们正在继续大量援助方案,尽管我们需要限制公共开支。我们正在使个人和企业发挥其作用,例如对个人和企业发挥其作用,例如,取消外汇管制的限制,该鼓励国内外私人投资。我们支持开放的贸易体系是最终利用一切。我们知道,长期繁荣的国家是与我们自己的。