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副词和形容词的用法
副词和形容词的用法如下：
一、形容词用法详细介绍：
1、作定语。
形容词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词前面，称为前置定语，被修饰的名词可称为主体词。如:
The company is in a difficult situation.这家公司正处于困难的境地。
She is a good student, and she works hard.她是一个好学生，她努力学习。
2、作表语。
同名词一样，形容词也可以用在系动词后面作表语，修饰主语或说明主语的情况。如:
This bike is expensive.这辆自行车很贵。
l am sorry,I’m busy now.对不起，我现在很忙。
3、作宾语补足语。
We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室整洁。
We found the film quite instructive.我们发现那部电影很有教育意义。
二、副词用法详细介绍：
1、多数副词放在动词后面，或者放在be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，实义动词之前。如果实义动词后有宾语，则放于宾语之后。
I can also do that.我也可以这样做。
2、副词修饰形容词时，一般放在被修饰词之前，但enough除外。
It’s rather easy,I can do it.这很容易，我能做到。
非限定性定语从句例子
说到非限定性定语从句的讲解，还要分成不同的部分，首先大家要知道就得就是该从句的作用是什么。其实它在句子中是一个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如：
Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous?
你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗?它的男主演可是世界闻名的。
My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。
在非限制性定语从句也分成不同的种类，在不同情况下，该从句的使用方法也是不一样的，在考试中经常会考察大家对于该从句不同类型的运用。如果大家不能很好的掌握这些用法，在考试的时候就一定会丢分了，下面就是关于该从句不同类型的介绍：
(1) who引导的非限制性定语从句
Our guide，who was a French Canadian，was an excellent cook.我们的向导，一个法裔加拿大人，擅长于烹调。
My gardener，who is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year.我家的园丁非常悲观，他说今年将不结苹果。
(2) whom引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词whom用于指人，在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语，作介词宾语时，介词可位于句末。如：
Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.彼得现在回巴黎了，你在伦敦见过他。
Mr Smith，from whom I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist.史密斯先生是一位著名的科学家，我从他那儿学了许多东西。
(3) whose引导的非限制性定语从句
whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，在从句中作定语。whose通常指人，也可指动物或无生命的事物。如：
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.那位小男孩学习很努力，他的父亲是位工程师。
Above the trees are the mountains whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. 在树林的高处是山，其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上。The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.这剧本是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。
(4) which引导的非限制性定语从句
关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中所指代和修饰的可以是主句中的名词、形容词、短语、其他从句或整个主句，在从句中作主语、动词宾语、介词宾语或表语。
① which指代主句中的名词，被指代的名词包括表示物、婴儿或动物的名词、表示单数意义的集体名词以及表示职业、品格等的名词。如：
These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。
She is an artist，which I am not.她是一位艺术家，而我不是。
Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
The two policemen were completely trusted，which in fact they were.那两个警察完全受到信任，事实上，也真是如此。
② which指代主句中的形容词。如：
She was very patient towards the children，which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。
She is always careless，which we should not be. 她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。
③ which指代主句中的某个从句。如：
He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。
④ which指代整个主句。如：
In the presence of so many people he was little tense, which was understandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
He may have acute appendicitis，in which case he will have to be operated on.他可能得了急性盲肠炎，如果是这样，他就得动手术。
When deeply absorbed in work，which he often was，he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他经常聚精会神地工作，这时他会废寝忘食。
(5) when引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，指代主句中表示时间的词语。如：
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.他将把郊游推迟到5月1号，那时他将有空。
(6) where引导的非限制性定语从句
关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，指代主句中表示地点的词语。如：
They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿呆了六个月的时间。
They reached there yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held.他们昨天抵达那里, 有一个关于销售的谈判在那儿举行。
(7) as引导的非限制性定语从句
as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明但通常用于像as we allaknow, as it is know, as is know to all, as it is, as is said above, as always mentioned above, as is usual, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper等句式中。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。as有“正如……， 就像……”之意。 如：
As it known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克?吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)
He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case. 他忘了带笔，这是常事。(as在从句中作主语)
He is absorbed in work, as he often was. 他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。(as在从句中作表语)
Boy as he was， he was chosen king. 他虽是孩子，却被选为国王。(as在从句中作表语)
as we all know, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。 (as在从句中作宾语)
The two brothers were satisfied with this decision，as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前都已得到他们的.同意。(as在从句中作主语)
**is，as you know，an inseparable part of China.你知道，**是中国不可分割的一部分。(as在从句中作宾语)
(8)“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
在介词后引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词which有时并不代表主句中某一确定的词，而是概括整个主句的意思。介词的选择取决于它与先行词的搭配或与从句中谓语动词的搭配。
They were short of sticks to make frames for the climbing vines，without which the yield would be halved. 他们缺搭葡萄架的杆儿，没有它们产量会减少一半。
They thanked Tom，without whose support they would not have succeeded.这些邻居是北京来的，昨天我被介绍同他们认识了。
(9)“名词/代词+of+which / whom”引导的非限制性定语从句
It now has 20，000 hectares of land，more than two-thirds of which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地，其中三分之二之多已经耕种。
Light is the fast thing in the world, the speed of which is 300.000 kilometeThere are 30 chairs in the small hall, most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
he textile mill has over 8，000 workers and staff，eighty per cent of whom are women. 这家纺织厂有8千多职工，女职工占百分之八十。
通过对该从句的讲解，大家可以看出，它的种类真的是非常多，不同的词语引导的从句用法都是不同的，大家要学会区分不同用法所表示的含义。虽然该从句在选择题中考察的非常多，但是大家在阅读题中也会看见这样的从句，所以说，大家学习语法知识并不只是为了语法的题目，它对于大家整个英语水平的提升都是非常有帮助的。除此之外大家还要注意一些非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况：
1.非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如：
The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention.
这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。
The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive.
这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。
2.关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用who。例如：
York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city.
我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。
Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now.
请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。
3.非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如：
None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。
英语中否定与不完全否定的用法
部分否定（不完全否定）的几种方法 一、all的否定形式： not all……（all ……not）并非都……（不是所有的都） not all men can be masters. = all men cannot be masters.并非人人都能当头头。 not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都会长得很高 二、both的否定形式：not……both或both……not 并非两个……都…… i don’t want both the books我并不是两本书都要。 both (the) windows are not open.两扇窗并不是都开着。 三、every的否定形式：不是每……都 not every book is educative. = every book is not educative.不是每本书都有教育意义。 not everyone likes this book。并非人人都喜欢这本书。 this flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并非随处可见。 四、always的否定形式：并非总是（并非一直……） he is not always so sad .他并非一直都这样悲伤。 五、entirely、altogether、comply、quite的否定形式：不完全……并非完全 the business man is never to be trusted.不可以完全信任商人。 he felt not altogether satisfied.他不完全满意。 i don’t agree completely。我不完全同意。 what he did was not quiet proper.他做得不十分妥当。 六、all the time ……并非一直/未必老是 a foolish man doesn’t make a mistake all the time.笨人并不是老是犯错误 七、not……and的否定形式：往往是否定and后面的部分 he did not speak clearly and correctly。他讲得清楚但不正确 this film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但没有教育意义。 she can not sing and dance. 她会唱歌但不会跳舞。 and如果换成or，not对其后面的部分完全否定 he did not speak clearly or correctly.他讲得极不清楚又不正确。 如果上述的all、both、always以及entirely、altogether、completely、quite和all the time等词作完全否定，那就要分别用于之相对应的完全否定词，如no 、none、nether、no one 、never、not(never)……at all等。 all of them can do it. —— none of them an do it. both are good.—— nether is good. everybody likes it.—— nobody likes it. he is always late.—— he is never late. he was here all the time.—— he was never here.sorry 只有不完全否定 呵呵
2021年上半年英语四级语法用法解析
【 #四六级考试# 导语】中国有“书读百遍，其义自见”的古谚，一直在强调重复练习的重要性。2020年考试日益临近，多看书，勤做题是大有裨益的。 ！
【篇一】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法解析
英语四级语法用法辨析：first 与 at first的用法区别
(1) first 意为“先”“首先”，主要用来说明顺序，暗示接下去还有其他的动作或事件要发生，因此其后往往接有或暗示有 then, next, last 之类的词。如：
First think and then speak. 先想后说。
First, I must apologize to you. 首先，我要向你们表示歉意。
(2) at first 意为“起初”“开始”，它主要强调前后对照，暗示接下去的动作与前面的动词不同甚至相反，因此其后通常有but, afterwards, soon, at last 等词语相呼应。如：
The work was hard at first, but I got used to it. (www.yingyuyufa.com)起初这活儿很累，不过后来我习惯了。
At first they were very happy, but then things started going wrong. 起初他们生活得很幸福，但后来就开始出问题了。
注意上，at first与at last不是一对反义词组，后者的意思是“终于”“最终”。如：
She has at last got everything ready. 她最后把一切准备好了。
At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。
【篇二】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法解析
英语四级语法用法辨析：write 与write about的区别
write 与write about的区别。问题见：
1. write your ideas 意思是：把你的想法(观点，看法)写出来。
2. write about your ideas 意思是：把你想法(观点，看法)的论据(理由)写出来。
前者表示：动宾关系是“直接”的;后者表示：动宾关系是“间接接”的。
有网友曾经问我类似的句子，也许能给你些许启发。
网友问我：I read about the book before. 请问老师，“读书”是read the book，为何还要加一个about呢?
这个问题很有意思。在这个句子中，read about the book不是“读书”，而是“读到关于那本书的介绍”。请比较以下两个句子有何异同：
I’ve read the novel and I think it is very instructive. 我读过那本小说，我认为它很有教育意义。
I’ve read about the novel, but I wonder whether it is worth reading at all. 我读过那本小说的介绍，但我不知道它是否值得一读。
read和read about为何有如此大的差别呢?原来，在read the novel中，read是及物动词,是一种直接的阅读;而在read about the novel中，read是不及物动词，是一种间接的阅读，可以理解为在它后面省略了something, 即：read something about the novel。总之，read the book和read about the book是直接和间接的关系。又如：
I know about him, but I don’t know him. 我听说过他，但我不认识他。
We heard about / of the pop singer, but unfortunately we haven’t heard her sing. 我们听说过这位流行歌手，但很遗憾我们没有亲耳听她演唱过。
I am not a writer, and I can’t write a novel. But I can write about a novel. 我不是作家，我不会写小说。但我可以写小说评论。
【篇三】2021年上半年英语四级语法用法解析
英语四级语法用法辨析：China’s与Chinese的区别
1. China’s为名词所有格，强调所属关系。如：
China’s population is large. 中国人口众多。
Hainan is China’s second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。
The Yellow River is China’s second longest river. 黄河是中国第二大河。
China’s countryside looks its best in May and June. 中国的农村在五六月时景色最美。
2. Chinese为形容词，表示属性，视所修饰的名词不同，意思稍有不同：
Maotai is a Chinese wine. 茅台是一种中国酒。
Are you into Chinese food? 你对中国菜有兴趣吗?
This book is about Chinese traditkmal medicine. 这本书是讲中医的。
This was a record set by a Chinese girl. 这是一个中国姑娘创造的记录。
My strongest memory is when I attended a Chinese wedding. 我印象最深的是我参加的一次中国婚礼的情景。
Gone are the days when they could to what they liked to the Chinese people. 他们能够对中国人民为所欲为的日子一去不复返了。
Thinking that traditional Chinese medicine might help, they sent for an old Chinese doctor. 他们请了一位老中医，因为他们考虑到也许中医会有效。
英语里有什么谚语表达的意思是“忠言逆耳”呢
忠言逆耳 good advice is harsh to the ear-忠言逆耳： Good advice is harsh to the ear.；Advice when most needed is least heeded.；Honest advice is unpleasant to the ear.；Cold counsel: Good advice is harsh to the ear.英语点滴 北盟外语 ... Good advice is beyond price.忠言是无价之宝 Good advice is harsh to the ear. 忠言逆耳 Good counsel has no price. 忠言无价 ...忠言逆耳 Advice when most needed is least heeded.忠言逆耳 Honest advice is unpleasant to the earCold counsel: 忠言逆耳-忠言逆耳利于行： Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.；Unpleasnt advice is a good medicine；Unpleasant advice is g good medicine；Honest advice, though unpleasant to the ear, benefits conduct. Unpleasant advice is a good medicine.常用英语成语!! ...You are never too old to learn. (活到老.学到老)Unpleasant advice is a good medicine. (忠言逆耳利于行)Time tries all things. (时间检验一切) ...忠言逆耳利于行 Unpleasant advice is g good medicine-良药苦口，忠言逆耳： A good medicine tastes bitter: A good medicine tastes bitter:-忠言逆耳《/P： P》Good advice is harsh to the ear. P》Good advice is harsh to the ear.Good advice is beyond price.忠言是无价之宝《P》Good advice is harsh to the ear. 忠言逆耳Good counsel has no price. 忠言无价...-忠言逆耳，良药苦口： Truth hurts. Truth hurts.总结的一些意境上比较适宜的成语和英文俗语的互译（一） ...人不可貌相，海水不可斗量You can not judge a book by its cover.忠言逆耳，良药苦口Truth hurts.覆水难收It is no use crying over spilt milk. ...基于1个网页 - 搜索相关网页 -忠言逆耳利于行。： Unpleasant advice is a good medicine；Harsh advice is the most instructive Unpleasant advice is a good medicine异国生活指南:常用英语俗语500句 ...Unity is strength。团结就是力量。Unpleasant advice is a good medicine。忠言逆耳利于行。Until all is over one’s ambition never dies。不到黄河心不死。 ...Harsh advice is the most instructive...The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams。未来属于那些相信自己梦想的人。 Harsh advice is the most instructive。忠言逆耳利于行。 Don’t wait for the world to change。Change it yourself。不要等待世界改变。去改变世界吧！ ...-良药苦口,忠言逆耳： be cruel to be kind be cruel to be kind英语常见成语或惯用语 ... 作无益的后悔 cry over spilt milk 良药苦口,忠言逆耳 be cruel to be kind 未雨绸缪(chou2 mou2 ) against for a rainy day ...-良药苦口，忠言逆耳。： A good medicine tastes bitter.〖Hotline A good medicine tastes bitter.〖Hotline谚语（中英对照）01 ...A good maxim is never out of season.〖Hotline〗至理名言不会过时。 A good medicine tastes bitter.〖Hotline〗良药苦口，忠言逆耳。 A good name is better than riches.〖Hotline〗好名誉胜过有财富。 ...-良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行： It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly，and it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track.；Bitter pills may have whoolesome effects；It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly,it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track.；A good medicine tastes bitter. It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly，and it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track.英乐时空Believe ...It’s so sad that you’re leaving 你要走了，我很伤心， 4)It takes time to believe it 接受这个事实需要时间。 But after all is said and done 但话已出口，既成事实， ...Bitter pills may have whoolesome effects...金窝银窝，不如自己的狗窝 East or west,home is best世界上没有十全十美的东西 There is nothing in the pink of perfection in the world良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行 Bitter pills may have whoolesome effects ...It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly,it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track.成语,谚语,典故,歇后语的英语翻译 ...老当益壮，穷当益坚 Oldvigorous, poorambitious.良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行 It takes bitter medicine to cure a disease properly,it takes blunt advice to put us on the right track.两虎相斗，必有一伤 When two tigers fight, one is sure to lose. ...A good medicine tastes bitter.A good medicine tastes bitter.（良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于行）-忠言逆耳利于行。〔形容词最高级： Harsh advice is the most instructive. Harsh advice is the most instructive.忠言逆耳 Faithful words grate upon the ear.; Faithful admonitions are unpleasant to hear words offend the ear but are good for improving one’s conduct.; Honest advice, though unpleasant to the ear, benefits conduct.忠言逆耳利于行。例句与用法良药苦口利于病，忠言逆耳利于心。Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth.忠言逆耳利于行，良药苦口利于病。Zhongyannier help line, good medicine tastes bitter conducive to disease.忠言于最需要时，最不被重视；忠言逆耳。Advice when most needed is least heeded.
