本文目录
- geological action是什么意思
- geological picture意思
- Geological Classification of Rocks
- geology 和geological science的区别
- geologic和geological的区别
geological action是什么意思
geological生词本去背诵英 adj.地质（学）的网 络地质；地质学的；地质的；工程地质双语例句1. Scarborough Council commissioned geological experts earlier this year to survey the cliffs.斯卡伯勒市政会在今年早些时候委托地质专家对这些悬崖进行勘测。2. Peter Ward is a seismologist with the US Geological Survey.彼得·沃德是美国地质调查局的一名地震学家。3. aeons of geological history数以亿万年计的地质史4. The workers skirted the edge of the cliff on a geological survey.工人们沿着崖壁作了一次地质勘察.5. The mines had been closed down following a geological survey.继一次地质调查之后,这些矿井已被关闭了.
geological picture意思
而在20世纪,如果局部研究能够被专业人员接受,那么它必须体现并深入思考更广阔的地质面貌,而这种倾向越来越明显.
Geological Classification of Rocks
It is convenient to divide the rocks in the earth’s crust into three different types based on their origin，namely igneous，sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are those formed by the solidification of molten magma，either at depth in the earth’s crust or by extrusion，hence， their classification as plutonic，hypabyssal，or volcanic，depending on the depth and rate of their cooling and its effect on their texture or crystal size. Igneous rocks are also subdivided by their composition into acid，intermediate and basic rocks，depending on the amount of silica in their composition. A full classification is given in Table 1. 3.
Table 1. 3 Geological classification of igneous rocks
Sedimentary rocks，the second major type，are those rocks formed by the deposition( usually under water) of products largely formed by the destruction of pre-existing igneous rocks. They tend to be weaker than igneous rocks，largely because of the hydration of feldspars to form kaolinite and the introduction of organic minerals such as calcite. Sedimentary rocks can be subdivided into three main groups according to their method of formation，namely those mechanically formed， those formed from organic remains and those chemically deposited ( Table 1. 4) . From an engineering point of view，the most important are arenaceous ( sand) rocks，argillaceous ( clay ) rocks and calcareous ( limestone) rocks. Typical arenaceous rocks consist of discrete fragments of mineral—usually quartz，held together by a matrix of calcite. Thus when a sandstone is broken，the fracture follows the weaker calcareous cement rather than cutting across the stronger grains. An argillaceous rock such as a clay or shale consists of minute particles held together weakly and comprising largely kaolinite. The calcareous rocks consist of organic remains or precipitates，mainly in the form of calcite and limestone.
Table 1. 4 Geological classification of sedimentary rocks
Metamorphic rocks may be either igneous or sedimentary rocks which have been altered physically and sometimes chemically by the application of intense heat or pressure at some time in their geological history. They are classified by their physical structure，i. e. massive or foliated structure ( Table 1. 5) .
Table 1. 5 Geological classification of metamorphic rocks
It has been estimated that the earth’s crust is made up of about 95% igneous rocks，about 5% sedimentary rocks and an insignificant proportion of metamorphic rocks. This does not， however，give a completely true picture of the rocks likely to be encountered by engineers working in rock. The earth’s crust may be assumed to be from 30 to 50 km in thickness and virtually all major works take place in the top a fewkilometers which contain the major part of the sedimentary rocks. In addition，a high percentage of these sedimentary rocks will be argillaceous，and the majority of the remainder being arenaceous or calcareous.
This is in some ways unfortunate，igneous rocks are with fewexceptions competent， massive and strong，while sedimentary rocks are weak and strongly foliated and jointed. Of the sedimentary rocks，the arenaceous and calcareous，under favorable conditions，approach nears to the ideal of the igneous rocks. The argillaceous rocks depart furthest from them.
Argillaceous rocks comprise mainly shale，normally closely bedded or laminated. The former are reasonably strong in a dry state，but weak when wet; the latter tend to have intermediate strength under most conditions，but are easily deformed under load. The problems encountered in mining，tunneling or foundation work in such rocks are immediately apparent.
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关于岩石的分类词汇扩展
( 1) 地球 ( Earth)
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( 2) 地貌 ( Geomorphology)
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( 3) 地质结构 ( Geologic structure)
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( 4) 不利地质现象( Adverse geologic phenomena)
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( 5) 地质年代 ( Geologic chronicle)
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( 6) 矿物的物理性质( Physical properties of minerals)
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( 7) 矿物的十级硬度( Mineral hardness)
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( 8) 岩体( Rock mass)
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( 9) 岩石的性质指标 ( Index of rock properties)
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( 10) 岩石类别( Rock classification)
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geology 和geological science的区别
Geology 地质学（法语、德语：Geologie；英语：Geology；拉丁语、西班牙语：Geologia；源於希腊语 γῆ 和 λoγία）是对地球的起源 探讨压力与时间、历史和结构进行研究的学科。主要研究地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特徵、各圈层间的相互作用和演变历史。在现阶段，由於观察、研究条件的限制，主要以岩石圈为研究对象，并涉及水圈、大气圈、生物圈和岩石圈下更深的部位，以及涉及其他行星和卫星的太空地质学（Astrogeology）。
Geological scienc 地质科学是指一切研究地球的科学，是行星科学的专门分支。各学科通常会以物理、地理、地质、气象、数学、化学、生物的角度研究地球。它和人类的生活息息相关，人们手上所戴的黄金饰品和钻石，都是来自地球的矿产资源；盖房子所用的砂、石、水泥，其原料也是来自地球；所吃的鱼虾，大都取自海洋；气温的变化影响生活甚巨；天体的运行，也时时刻刻影响著我们。因此，地质科学是一门很基础、很重要的的学科。
地质科学的范围很广，涵盖地质学、海洋学、气象学和天文学等领域。地质学在探讨地球的历史与各部分组成，包括其演化和各种矿学、岩石以及矿产的分布；海洋学在研究海水的运动、海水的物理与化学性质及海底地形；气象学在分析大气的组成、构造和运动；而有关地球起源、太阳系的形成和天体的运动变化，乃至宇宙的演化，均属天文学的研究范围。以陨石撞击地球为例：高温高压撞击地球的结果，势必引起地形与地质的变化；飞扬在大气中的粉尘微粒会遮蔽阳光，大气和海水温度因而降底。因此，看似简单的天文事件，却引起地质、气象和海洋的变化，可见各领域关系密切、环环相扣。
geologic和geological的区别
geologic地质的geological地质学的地质的:地质泛指地球的性质和特征;地质学的 指关于地球的性质和特征的学术、知识体系。 侧重的指“学”，学术、知识体系
